The presentation mainly focus on the aspects of mathematical modelling and development of soft computing based gait planners for the biped robot while ascending and descending the staircase. The concept of dynamic balance margin is used to verify the balance of the gaits of biped robot generated using the concept of inverse kinematics. Furthermore, two soft computing based gait planners, namely GA-NN and GA-FLC modules are also developed to tackle the said problem.
Underwater image processing plays a crucial role in various tasks, such as monitoring the health of underwater pipelines and structures. Relying on human resources for continuous monitoring is both time-consuming and costly. Therefore, an AI-powered underwater rover equipped with a computer vision system is essential for efficient health monitoring. This study explores the development of deep learning networks for underwater image processing, including pipeline segmentation and leakage detection. In particular, the complex underwater environment, with its poor visibility, light refraction, and varying water conditions, poses unique challenges for computer vision tasks. The study focuses on optimizing network architectures to handle these constraints, ensuring accurate detection and classification of defects or leaks. Additionally, the integration of real-time processing capabilities into these AI systems enables faster response times, enhancing the overall safety and maintenance of underwater infrastructures.
A self-driving car (also known as Autonomous Vehicle) is equipped with different sensors, such as Camera, LIDAR, Radar, GPS, IMU etc. Perception or Situational Awareness (SA) in self-driving cars is a research area whereby the autonomous vehicle (AV) takes its next course of action using the data from different sensors. For example, the Camera gives the visual information regarding a scene. LIDAR provides the range information of different objects through point cloud representation. Radar has the ability to provide range as well as velocity information of surrounding objects. IMU provides acceleration as well as gyroscope information of the AV. GPS puts the AV in a global frame of reference. Hence, the data from all these sensors are quite essential for a next course of maneuver. SA module takes raw data from these sensors, processes to retrieve useful information out of it, then applies Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision algorithms to find out the next state of the AV. Hence, SA consists of 3 important steps: Sense, Think, and Act. In the Sense step, the AV senses the environment by using its different sensors and collects the data. The data is then processed through different machine learning algorithms to perceive the environment and find out the next state of the AV. Act stage is mainly responsible for taking the next course of action that will put the AV in a safe state with respect to other entities in the environment. These three steps (Sense, Think and Act) occur throughout the process of autonomous maneuvering of the AV. Out of all the sensors, Camera and LIDAR are the principal sensors where machine learning algorithms are essential for finding reliable information. The data from all other sensors act as add on to this information for taking the next course of action.
Deep neural networks trained on biased data often inadvertently learn unintended inference rules, particularly when labels are strongly correlated with biased features. While several approaches have been proposed, one view towards mitigating bias is through adversarial learning. The main drawback of the adversarial method is that it directly introduces a tradeoff with accuracy, as the features that the discriminator deems to be sensitive to discrimination or bias could be correlated with classification. In our work we show that a biased discriminator can actually be used to improve this bias-accuracy tradeoff. Specifically, this is achieved by using a feature masking approach using the discriminator's gradients. We ensure that the features favored for the bias discrimination are de-emphasized and the unbiased features are enhanced during classification. One issue with these methods is that they address bias indirectly in the feature or sample space, with no control over learned weights, making it difficult to control the bias propagation across different layers. Based on this observation, we introduce a novel approach to address bias directly in the model's parameter space, preventing its propagation across layers. Our method involves training two models: a bias model for biased features and a debias model for unbiased details, guided by the bias model. We enforce dissimilarity in the debias model's later layers and similarity in its initial layers with the bias model, ensuring it learns unbiased low-level features without adopting biased high-level abstractions. By incorporating this explicit constraint during training, our approach shows enhanced classification accuracy and debiasing effectiveness across various synthetic and real-world datasets of different sizes.
Heterogeneous data from different sources are often related to each other. In order to derive value, the data should be integrated, structured, and the relationships should be made explicit. Knowledge Graphs (KG) can play a key role in achieving these goals. In the first part of the talk, after briefly introducing Knowledge Graphs and Ontologies, I will discuss two use cases that make use of KGs. In the second part of the talk, I will discuss the advantages of combining the neural and the symbolic aspects of AI through two use cases.
In this talk, we will discuss our recent work that highlights the fruitful interplay between many-body quantum physics and temporal machine learning models. The first part, "Quantum Meets Language," employs techniques from many-body quantum physics to enhance explainability in the common natural language processing task of sentiment analysis. We will examine how transforming a recurrent neural network model into its matrix product states counterpart can inform design principles and facilitate interpretable predictions in machine learning models for sentiment analysis [1]. The second part, "Forecasting Many-Body Quantum Dynamics with Machine Learning," delves into our data-driven approach that uses a variant of reservoir computing to accurately predict complex quantum many-body dynamics far into the future, circumventing the need for computing intermediate time steps that typically slow down classical simulations of such dynamics [2]. These findings not only demonstrate the capabilities of GPUs in advancing scientific research but also underscore the potential of these interdisciplinary approaches to research in AI, materials science, and quantum simulation. References: [1] J. Tangpanitanon et al, Explainable Natural Language Processing with Matrix Product States, New Journal of Physics, 24 053032, 2022 [2] A. Sornsaeng et al, Quantum Next Generation Reservoir Computing: An Efficient Quantum Algorithm for Predicting Quantum Dynamics https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.14239
The talk will focus on how to make Sanskrit manuscripts more accessible to end-users through natural language technologies. The morphological richness, compounding, free word orderliness, and low-resource nature of Sanskrit pose significant challenges for developing deep learning solutions. We identify fundamental tasks, which are crucial for developing a robust NLP technology for Sanskrit: word segmentation, morphological parsing, dependency parsing, syntactic linearisation. Next, we will present our framework using Energy Based Models for multiple structured prediction tasks in Sanskrit. Our framework expects a graph as input, where relevant linguistic information is encoded in the nodes, and the edges are then used to indicate the association between these nodes. Typically the state of the art models for morphosyntactic tasks in morphologically rich languages still rely on hand-crafted features for their performance. But here, we automate the learning of the feature function. The feature function so learnt along with the search space we construct, encodes relevant linguistic information for the tasks we consider. This enables us to substantially reduce the training data requirements to as low as 10% as compared to the data requirements for the neural state of the art models. Finally, the talk will also discuss some recent works which make use of the latest advances in deep learning for Sanskrit NLP, as well as interesting future directions in the field of Sanskrit Computational Linguistics.
Distributed systems are at the center stage of training today's machine learning models. Such settings include shared-memory and message-passing asynchrony, compression of gradients, local training to reduce communication, and combinations thereof. With problem-specific assumptions such as non-convexity and non-smoothness in place, taming the convergence of iterates under such system-dependent inconsistencies becomes challenging. In this talk, we present several algorithms with various system- and problem-generated analytical assumptions. We discuss a general strategy for constructing these algorithms drawing from their convergence theory. We discuss constructing an auxiliary global parameter in every case. We show that convergence of the distributed machine learning training algorithm can be tracked via the dynamics of the constructed parameter.
OpenAI ChatGPT and other foundation models have garnered widespread attention with their ability to respond effectively to a wide range of human questions, solving logical problems, providing reasoning for the solutions, generate images and so on. We all want to explore their capabilities and utilize them for developing intelligent features/products. However, we are constrained and delayed due the high cost, low training data, limited access and large size. The increasing number and variety of Open-source foundation models are good alternative for this. In this session we will look at some of the open source LLMs. We will touch upon a few ways to access, finetune and use them for projects. We will also look at some options that enable integration of LLMs in mobile applications.
Supervised Machine Learning tasks require annotated data for model training. Annotating large-scale data is both costly and error-prone. The annotation error issue becomes even more complex when the number of annotation labels is of the order of hundreds or thousands. As a result, absence of high-quality data becomes the real bottleneck in improving the model performance. In this talk, we will consider three scenarios for addressing the data bottleneck.
Recently efforts have been made by social media platforms as well as researchers to detect hateful or toxic language using large language models. However, none of these works aim to use explanation, additional context and victim community information in the detection process. We utilise different prompt variation, input information and evaluate large language models in zero shot setting (without adding any in-context examples). We select two large language models (GPT-3.5 and text-davinci) and three datasets - HateXplain, implicit hate and ToxicSpans. We find that on average including the target information in the pipeline improves the model performance substantially (∼20-30%) over the baseline across the datasets. There is also a considerable effect of adding the rationales/explanations into the pipeline (∼10-20%) over the baseline across the datasets. In addition, we further provide a typology of the error cases where these large language models fail to (i) classify and (ii) explain the reason for the decisions they take. Such vulnerable points automatically constitute ‘jailbreak’ prompts for these models and industry scale safeguard techniques need to be developed to make the models robust against such prompts.